<p>The First National Bank Building  is a historic high-rise in Andalusia, Alabama. The tallest building in Andalusia, the six-story building was designed by Montgomery architect Frank Lockwood, who also designed the Covington County Courthouse which sits across the square. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First National Bank of Andalusia was established in 1901 to facilitate business in the growing town. By the late 1910s, the bank had grown immensely, and commissioned the six-story Beaux-Arts building, designed by Montgomery architect Frank Lockwood. In 1928, the bank merged with the Andalusia National Bank and took on the name of the latter. It was forced to close after a run in October 1932, during the Great Depression. The Commercial Bank was founded to replace it a few months later; they purchased the National Bank building in 1937. At that time, the lobby and offices were refurbished, and the sixth floor converted from its use as a civic meeting place to more offices.</p><br>
<p>The Commercial Bank outgrew the building, moving to a new location in 1958. It was purchased by an insurance agency, who rented space to several other businesses. The building fell abandoned by 1972, until it was purchased and the ground floor renovated into a restaurant in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a six-story structure two bays wide on the front and nine bays long. The building is constructed of reinforced concrete. The west and north sides (the sides facing Courthouse Square) are veneered with smoothed concrete block on the first story, and tan brick on the upper floors, while the east and south faces are of red brick throughout.</p><br>
<p>Windows on the finished sides are single-pane wooden sashes, with arched windows over each on the first story. The upper stories feature pairs of double hung one-over-one windows. The unfinished sides have metal frame, two-over-two windows. Rosettes separate each arched window on the first floor, and a large clock, added in 1939, hangs from the corner of the building. Decorative moldings sit at the roofline and between the fifth and sixth floors.</p><br>
<p>The main floor area originally had a tiled floor, marble wainscoting, and a marble teller&#39;s counter. In the 1960s, the counter was removed, the wainscoting covered with wood paneling, and a drop ceiling installed. The paneling and ceiling was removed during renovations in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Griffin Auto Company Building is a historic automobile sales and service facility at 117 East Locust Street in El Dorado, Arkansas. It is a single story structure built out of reinforced concrete, with a full basement. The main floor housed the sales and showroom area, and the service area was in the basement. The building also includes a filling station area, which is the most decorative portion of the otherwise utilitarian structure. This area has pilastered columns that frame the automobile entry area, and the walls above the shelter entrance is decorated with bands of terra cotta and brick ornamentation. The Griffin Auto Company was established by three brothers from North Carolina, beginning as a livery stable business in 1899 before branching out into the new world of the automobile in 1915. They moved out of the building in 1960, since when it has been used by a variety of other sales-oriented businesses.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, and was included in the El Dorado Commercial Historic District in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Lake Tourouvre has been artificially formed in 1950 by damming the Saint-Maurice River with the La Trenche Generating Station built at southeast of the lake, north of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. Located entirely in forest and mountainous areas, this water body of 1,448 ha is ideal for tourist activities including boating, fishing, hunting, and other similar lakeside pastimes.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Tourouvre receives the waters of the River Trenche through a long strait of 4 km by 0.7 km maximum width in northeast. Lake Tourouvre is 4 km wide by 8.4 km (including the Strait at the mouth of the River Trenche). The Saint-Maurice River flows into the lake Tourouvre by the west side.</p><br>
<p>The dam of the “La Trenche Generating Station” is located 11.2 km (calculated by the water) upstream of the mouth of Vermillon River (La Tuque), 22.8 km from the dam Beaumont generating station and 35.2 km from the dam of the La Tuque Generating Station. This concrete dam-gravity type has a height of 53 m and a length of 442 m. Retained capacity is 6 million cubic meters of water measured at the outlet of Lake Tourouvre meters.</p><br>
<p>From the boulevard Ducharme in La Tuque, we reach by road to Lake Tourouvre following a path of 48.7 km by road to “Rivière Croche” (Crooked River), the West rank and a forest road. The latter road crosses the Saint-Maurice River to the barrage of La Trenche Generating Station.</p><br>
<p>The hamlet "Trenche" is located near the dam Trenche on the west bank of the Saint-Maurice River. A forest road serves the hamlet.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>The old names of this lake were "Beaver Lake" and "Lake Trenche".</p><br>
<p>This French toponym is derived from the town of Tourouvre, located in the Perche in France. This town was in the seventeenth century an important centers of French emigration into Canada. French geographer Reclus (1830-1905) wrote that this town is “the place in Europe that contributed to the most part, the settlement of the New World”. The House of French Emigration to Canada, open to the public in October 1, 2006, was established symbolically Tourouvre, France.</p><br>
<p>The name "Lake Tourouvre" was officially registered on December 5, 1968 at the Bank of place names in Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Québec).</p><br>
<p>The Willett House is a historic house at 6563 Mount Holly Road, about 1.5 mi east of Lisbon, Arkansas. The single story wood frame house was built in 1926 by Scott and Mary Willett, and represents a well-preserved local example of Craftsman styling. The house is L-shaped, with two intersecting gable roof sections. It is sheathed in novelty siding, and has two interior chimneys. The northern facade features a wide hip roof extending over a porch supported by six battered wooden columns decorated with false battens. This porch wraps around the side elevations. The rest of the roof line has exposed rafter ends, and is further decorated with triangular knee brackets at the corners. The property also includes four outbuildings, including a c. 1900s barn.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Sayre Downtown Historic District is a commercial historic district located in downtown Sayre, Oklahoma. The district comprises a three-block area of Main and 4th Streets; it includes 39 buildings, of which 24 are contributing buildings. The oldest buildings in the district date from between 1903 and 1909, when a building boom replaced Sayres frame downtown buildings with brick Commercial style structures. By the 1920s, the downtown area had reached its current size, and most of the buildings in the district had been built. In the 1920s, USA Route 66 was routed through the district, increasing traffic for local businesses. Sayres Classical Revival post office, a contributing property, was constructed in 1938; the post office includes a Works Progress Administration mural painted in 1940. The downtown remained prosperous until the 1950s, when population decline and the bypassing of Route 66 led to a decrease in commercial activity.</p><br>
<h2>NRHP Listing</h2><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 9, 2002. It qualified under Categories A and C. No properties within the District have been individually listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>The Réservoir Blanc  is a reservoir located in the city of La Tuque, in Quebec, Canada. The artificial lake was created in 1930 by the construction of the Rapide-Blanc Generating Station on Saint-Maurice River. The year 1996 marked the end of a period of 150 years of “drave”  on the Saint-Maurice River; consequently the amateurs of recreation-touristic activities have appropriated the "Réservoir Blanc" mainly for boating and fishing. Around the reservoir and tributaries, a few hundred cottages are there and a few outfitters provide services to visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Following the erection of the dam Rapide-Blanc Generating Station, the shrug of waters of the Saint-Maurice River in the adjacent territory has created the shape of the reservoir. Upstream, the reservoir begins at the foot of the Rapides-des-Coeurs Generating Station and spans 22.75 km to the Rapide-Blanc Generating Station. From the Rapides-des-Coeurs Generating Station, the river flows south-east: at first, on two km up to the mouth of the Windigo River, then three kilometers before reaching a bend in the river near the hamlet MacTavish. At that point, the river widens two kilometers and forms a "T", receiving waters from the south-west arm of the reservoir. Then the water courant is redirected to the northeast for 13 km. There the river branches south to travel 4.75 km before reaching the Rapide-Blanc Generating Station. Past the Indian Reserve Coucoucache (nord side of the reservoir), the river widens to 3.5 km due to a large bay on the south side.</p><br>
<p>Between the hamlets of MacTavish and Windigo, the path of the Canadian National Railway crossing over 5.75 km (on a pier in the north-west direction towards the south-east) the “Reservoir Blanc” (near the west bank), where the river forms a "T", linking arms northeast and southeast. From the "T", the southwest branch of the reservoir is six km in length, then branches off to the south for 2.75 km before reaching the White Island, "La pourvoirie du lac Oscar Inc” (Lake Oscar Outfitters Inc) and forest Road 25. The Flamand river flows into the southwest arm of the “Reservoir Blanc”.</p><br>
<p>"Reservoir Blanc" receives water from the following tributaries:</p><br>
<p>on North side: Windigo, Indian Creek, Jolie river, Pierriche and Little Pierriche</p><br>
<p>South side: Cadieux Creek (which flows east at the level of "Rapides de la tête du Rapide-Blanc") (Rapids of the head of Rapide-Blanc) and Mazurette Creek (which flows north in front of the mouth of the river Pierriche).</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>Formerly designated in French Réservoir du Rapide Blanc, the new name of this water body commemorates the "Rapide-Blanc", rapids on the Saint-Maurice River that were flooded during the construction of the Rapide-Blanc Generating Station and of which only the rapides de la Tête du Rapide-Blanc ("rapids at the head of Rapide-Blanc"), which are located downstream of the dam. The name of the rapids has been known since at least the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The D. McDonald House is a historic house at 800 South Broadway in Smackover, Arkansas. The two-story brick house was built in 1928-29 by DeKalb McDonald, during the oil boom that hit Union County in the 1920s. It is one of the more unusual houses in the town, exhibiting Craftsman styling with a Mediterranean flair. The house has irregular massing, with a main block and a number of projecting porches and ells. The main block and projections generally have hipped roofs finished in red tile with significant overhangs. The western elevation includes a porte cochere. Significant original period detailing remains on the interior of the house, despite the application of paneling to the walls.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Bergsdalen is a river valley in Vaksdal municipality, Hordaland county, Norway. The 16 km long valley begins at the lake Hamlagrøvatnet on the border of the municipalities of Vaksdal, Voss, and Kvam. The valley then runs to the northwest along the river Bergsdalselvi all the way to the village of Dale where the valley ends. This valley was historically part of the main route between the city of Bergen and Voss, until the European route E16 highway was built to the north of the valley.</p><br>
<p>The Bergsdalen valley now is home to a significant number of mountain cabins and there is especially a lot of tourist activity in the winter. There are about 100 year-round residents of the valley. There is a small school and Bergsdalen Church.</p><br>
<p>Arcadia Plantation, originally known as Prospect Hill Plantation, is a historic plantation house located near Georgetown, Georgetown County, South Carolina. The main portion of the house was built about 1794, as a two-story clapboard structure set upon a raised brick basement in the late-Georgian style. Two flanking wings were added in the early-20th century. A series of terraced gardens extend from the front of the house toward the Waccamaw River. Also on the property is a large two-story guest house , tennis courts, a bowling alley, stables, five tenant houses and a frame church. The property also contains two cemeteries and other plantation-related outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Stationmasters House is a historic house on Jaquith Road in Harrisville, New Hampshire. This vernacular 1-1/2 story wood frame house was built in 1896, and is noted as one of the few surviving buildings in Harrisville associated with the operation of the railroad. The house is located in a pine grove, just east of the former railroad right-of-way. It consists of a main three-bay section with side-gable roof, with a shed-roofed screened porch across the front, which is supported by turned posts. A gable-roofed ell extends at a right angle to the rear of the main block. Notable in the buildings construction are its lack of a proper foundation and mismatched windows.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>West Branch Briar Creek is a tributary of Briar Creek, in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 6.53 mi long. The creek flows through North Centre Township and Briar Creek Township and has two tributaries: Cabin Run and Fester Hollow. Its watershed has an area of 12.06 square miles.</p><br>
<p>The discharge of West Branch Briar Creek ranges from 0.67 to 33.1 cubic meters per second. Rocks found in the watershed include shale, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and limestone.</p><br>
<p>The Fowlersville Covered Bridge used to cross West Branch Briar Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>West Branch Briar Creek begins in western North Centre Township, near the Hidlay Church. The creek flows east-northeast on fairly level ground. It receives the tributary Cabin Run, which flows south from Summer Hill, after some distance, and continues heading east-northeast. A number of miles later, the creek picks up the tributary Fester Hollow. It then turns northeast and passes near the community of Fowlersville. It then begins flowing parallel to Pennsylvania Route 93 and exits North Centre Township. Upon exiting North Centre Township, the creek enters Briar Creek Township. Shortly afterwards, it reaches its confluence with Briar Creek.</p><br>
<h3>Tribtuaries</h3><br>
<p>There are two named tributaries to West Branch Briar Creek: Cabin Run and Fester Hollow. Fester Hollow is several times longer than Cabin Run and its watershed is far larger. Cabin Run is 1.22 mi long and Fester Hollow is 5.66 mi long.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The discharge of West Branch Briar Creek ranges from 0.67 to 31.1 cubic meters per second. The median discharge is 3.2 cubic meters per second. The water temperature of the creek ranges from 35.6 &deg;F to 71.6 &deg;F, with a median of 57.38 &deg;F. According to the Briar Creek Association for Watershed Solutions, the water temperature is often higher than they consider acceptable.</p><br>
<p>The minimum pH of West Branch Briar Creek is 6.96 and the maximum pH is 8.31. The median pH of the creek is 7.87. The electrical conductivity of the creek&#39;s waters ranges from 117 to 281 milli-siemens, with a median of 204 milli-siemens. The concentration of dissolved solids in the creek ranges from 58 to 141 parts per million. The median concentration of dissolved solids in the creek is 102 parts per million.</p><br>
<p>The concentrations of lead and nitrates in West Branch Briar Creek are higher than ideal.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the Briar Creek Association for Watershed Solutions performed a visual assessment of West Branch Briar Creek, rating it for various qualities, including streambank stability and the quality of the riparian buffer. The creek was rated as 7.1 out of 10, indicating "fair" water quality.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<p>Most of the southern part of the watershed of West Branch Briar Creek lies over either shale or calcareous shale. However, there is a small area of limestone as well. Most of the northern part of the watershed lies over siltstone and mudstone. The northernmost part of the watershed is on sandstone.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of soil series in the watershed of West Branch Briar Creek. The Holly Series, a silt loam, is found along the creek. The Alvira series is found at the creek&#39;s headwaters. The Alvira soils in this location have fewer large fragments and are less eroded than typical Alvira soils.</p><br>
<p>West Branch Briar Creek is approximately 15 ft wide.</p><br>
<p>There are plains at the headwaters of West Branch Briar Creek. These are either flat are have a slight slope.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of West Branch Briar Creek has an area of 12.06 square miles. The sub-watershed of Fester Hollow has an area of 4.54 square miles and the sub-watershed of Cabin Run has an area of 0.73 square miles. The watershed of the main stem of West Branch Briar Creek has an area of 6.79 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1700s, the Van Campen, Aikman, and Salmon families lived on West Branch Briar Creek. The first mill in Briar Creek Township was built at the confluence of the creek with Briar Creek by William Rittenhouse in 1800.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the valley that West Branch Briar Creek flows through was one of the most fertile valleys in Columbia County.</p><br>
<p>The Fowlersville Covered Bridge, which was built in 1886, was one of the last covered bridges to be built in Columbia County.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>West Branch Fishing Creek is stocked with fish. The creek is inhabited by minnows and may be inhabited by trout. The waters of the creek are approved trout waters.</p><br>
<p>The Wolderwijd is a bordering lake situated in the Netherlands, created in 1967 by the gaining of land in Southern Flevoland. It is one of four Veluwe bordering lakes. On the northern and western bank it is encompassed by the municipality of Zeewolde, in the Province of Flevoland, and on the southern and eastern bank it is encompassed by the municipality of Harderwijk in the Province of Gelderland. As the bordering lakes of Flevoland are strictly speaking one mass of water there are no exact markers on where the Wolderwijd ends and the adjacent lakes start. In the west near Strand Horst the Wolderwijd becomes the Nuldernauw and in the east at the aqueduct at the provincial road N302 it becomes the Veluwemeer.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>The lake was created as a buffer between the old land of the Veluwe and the newly created Flevopolder, to ensure that the water level of the Veluwe would not drop.</p><br>
<p>The Wolderwijd lake is used for commercial fishery, boating, shipping traffic, water management, and sand extraction.</p><br>
<p>The lake, together with the Nuldernauw, has also been designated as a Ramsar wetland of international importance since 29 August 2000. It was designated as such because it held over 1% of relevant biogeographical populations of two bird species, the swan species Cygnus bewickii (1.6%) and the common pochard (Aythya ferina) (2.1%).</p><br>
<p>Craig Ty-Isaf is a small hillfort in Baglan community, Neath Port Talbot, in South Wales. It is one of three hillforts on the area of hillside known as Mynydd y Gaer, and is within Briton Ferry Woods. The hillfort is on the SW side of the hill, overlooking Baglan, an oval enclosing some 0.2ha. A broad rubble bank forms the oval enclosure, and on the east two further banks mean that the area of banks and ditches encompasses a much larger area for the site as a whole, which is a Scheduled Monument. There are various internal features thought to be the result of more recent test cuts for mineral extraction.</p><br>
<h2>Earthworks</h2><br>
<p>The earthworks define an enclosure 210m above sea level, 65m across from east to west, and 45m from north to south. The northern ramparts run along the crest of the east-west ridge, so that the hillfort lies on the upper slopes of the ridge, overlooking Baglan to the south. The earliest earthworks appear to be a complete oval of rubble banks, some 2.5m high and 9m wide. A second bank runs along the east side (the uphill end of the ridge), and appears to be the same age as the main earthwork. A gap through these two banks formed the original entrance. As a later addition, a third bank, further east, runs across the same line, and has no gap, suggesting the entrance had moved. The outer bank is straighter than the earlier banks, so the ditch between ranges in width from 6m to 20m across. Two other ditches within the enclosure relate to more recent mining activity.</p><br>
<p>The site was declared a Scheduled Monument in 1959, and is included in the RCAHMW 1971 inventory of ancient sites in Glamorgan, as one of the 24 most significant hillforts in Glamorgan.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There are no footpaths that cross the site, however the whole area is within the woodland of the Forestry Commission Briton Ferry Woods, and the wood is a mix of mature broadleaved trees and planted conifers. It has a number of marked trails through the woods, and is open to the public. Craig Ty-Isaf is on the south east arm of the woods. An inland section of the Wales Coast Path runs along the lower edge of the woods, 200m south of the hillfort.</p><br>
<p>Gimmigela Chuli, or The Twins, is a mountain in the Himalayas, located on the border between Taplejung, Mechi, Nepal and Sikkim, India. It has an elevation of 7,350 m above sea level and is situated approximately 4.2 km NNE from Kangchenjunga, the third highest peak on Earth.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has a subpeak, Gimmigela Chuli II (elevation=7,005 metres; prominence=185m). This subpeak, sometimes referred to as "Gimmigela&#39;s Sister", lies entirely within India. Together the two peaks, Gimmigela I and Gimmigela II, are known as "The Twins".</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>An attempt on the summit on 18 October 1994, ended with the death of Masanori Sato, the leader of a Japanese expedition. The team had achieved the first ascent of Gimmigela II and were on the summit ridge which connects the two peaks in an attempt to summit Gimmigela I (main) when Sato fell 35 meters into a hidden crevasse. Despite the efforts of the other team members, his body was not recovered and the expedition was terminated.</p><br>
<p>One year later on 16 October 1995, Taroh Tanigawa, Koji Nagakubo and Yuichi Yoshida, members of the failed attempt in 1994, achieved the first ascent of Gimmigela I.</p><br>
<p>Hatun Jacacocha or Hatunjacacocha  is a lake in Peru located in the Ancash Region, Huari Province, Huantar District. It is situated at a height of 4,190 m, about 180 m long and 120 m at its widest point.</p><br>
<p>Close to Hatun Jacacocha there is a smaller lake named Ichic Jacacocha (possibly from Quechua Ichik Qaqaqucha, ichik little, "little rock lake"). It is situated in the same valley at 9&deg;29&prime;31&Prime;S latitude, 77&deg;14&prime;44&Prime;W longitude, south-east of Hatun Jacacocha. Both lakes are connected by a stream which flows to the Carhuazcancha valley (Qarwakancha) in the north. Ichic Jacacocha is situated at a height of 4,280 m, about 60 m long and 20 m at its widest point.</p><br>
<p>Both lakes lie in the Huascarán National Park. They are surrounded by qiwuña (Polylepis) and ichhu (Stipa ichu). Plants like kiswar (Buddleja incana), champa estrella (Plantago rigida) and purwa (or qaqapa pisqun) (Lycopodium crassum) grow at Hatun Jacacocha and there are trouts in the lake.</p><br>
<p>At the shore of Ichic Jacacocha you find lliqllish qura (Werneria nubigena), ankush (Senecio canescens) and wiqlla (Tillandsia fendleri). This is also a place to watch birds like the plain-tailed warbling finch (Poospiza alticola) and the cinereous conebill (Conirostrum cinereum).</p><br>
<p>Green Creek is a tributary of Fishing Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 12.7 mi long and flows through Jackson Township, Greenwood Township, and Orange Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of 36.8 square miles. Green Creek has three named tributaries: Little Green Creek, Rickard Hollow, and Mud Run. The creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody and is a relatively large stream, contributing a significant amount of water to Fishing Creek. A valley known as the Greenwood Valley is located in the vicinity of Green Creek. The creek&#39;s own valley was likely affected by glaciation during the Ice Age.</p><br>
<p>Soil erosion is a significant concern in some areas of the watershed of Green Creek, especially in the Greenwood Valley. A number of bridges have been constructed over the creek, including a covered bridge known as the Patterson Covered Bridge. Settlers arrived in the vicinity of the creek by the late 18th century and early 19th century, and a few mills of various were built on it in the 19th century. An Indian path also used to follow the creek for some distance.</p><br>
<p>The drainage basin of Green Creek is designated as a Trout Stocked Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. The creek itself contains brown trout. The creek has relatively narrow riparian buffers in some reaches. However, it has a hemlock-rich floodplain in Jackson Township.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Green Creek begins on a hill in Jackson Township, near the census-designated place of Waller. It flows south for a few tenths of a mile and enters Waller before turning south-southwest for a few tenths of a mile and leaving Waller. The creek then passes through a pond and turns south-southeast, flowing through a valley near the western border of Waller. After several tenths of a mile, it passes through two more ponds and turns south-southwest for a few tenths of a mile before turning south and then south-southwest, passing through another small pond. The creek eventually turns south-southwest for several tenths of a mile before turning south-southeast and entering Greenwood Township.</p><br>
<p>In Greenwood Township, Green Creek passes by OBrien Hill and turns south-southwest for several tenths of a mile before turning south-southeast, eventually flowing alongside Pennsylvania Route 254 and turning south as it passes Kramer Hill. After more than a mile, the creeks valley becomes much shallower and it enters the census-designated place of Rohrsburg. Here, it crosses Pennsylvania Route 254 and receives its first named tributary, Little Green Creek, from the right. It then turns south, east, and south-southeast for several tenths of a mile before receiving the tributary Rickard Hollow from the left. The creek then turns south-southwest for a few tenths of a mile, exiting Rohrsburg and receiving the tributary Mud Run from the right and entering Orange Township.</p><br>
<p>Upon entering Orange Township, Green Creek turns south-southeast, flowing alongside Rohrsburg Road, and its valley quickly becomes deeper and narrower again. After several tenths of a mile, the creek turns south and passes by Round Top before turning south-southeast and entering a shared floodplain with Fishing Creek. It then heads in a southerly direction for several tenths of a mile before turning west-southwest. Several tenths of a mile further downstream, the creek abruptly turns south-southeast and almost immediately reaches its confluence with Fishing Creek.</p><br>
<p>Green Creek joins Fishing Creek 10.84 mi upstream of the latter creek&#39;s mouth.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>Green Creek has three named tributaries: Mud Run, Rickard Hollow, and Little Green Creek. Mud Run joins Green Creek 3.06 mi upstream of its mouth and drains an area of 13.3 square miles. Rickard Hollow joins Green Creek 3.56 mi upstream of its mouth and drains an area of 2.22 square miles. Little Green Creek 4.16 mi upstream of its mouth and drains an area of 5.01 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Green Creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody. The waters of Green Creek considerably increase the flow of Fishing Creek at Orange Township. In 1841, the creek was described as a "considerable stream" with water power of "no little magnitude".</p><br>
<p>At a site in the upper reaches of Green Creek, where its watershed has an area of 2.55 square miles, the creek&#39;s average daily discharge was once measured to be 4.44 cuft/s. Further downstream, where the creek drains an area of 9.42 square miles, its average daily discharge was measured to be 16.40 cuft/s. In its lower reaches, where it drains an area of 33.24 square miles, the average daily discharge was 57.87 cuft/s.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The elevation near the mouth of Green Creek is 561 ft above sea level. The elevation of the creek&#39;s source is between 1,246 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>A valley known as the Greenwood Valley stretches between Green Creek and Little Fishing Creek in southern Greenwood Township. The creek is in the Ridge And Valley Freestone region. A system of hills and hollows is situated between Fishing Creek and Green Creek.</p><br>
<p>In the upper reaches of Green Creek, a 788 ft section of the creek contained 49 percent riffles, 33 percent runs, and 18 percent pools. Further downstream, an 825 ft section of the creek contained 32 percent riffles, 32 percent runs, and 36 percent pools. In the lower reaches, a 1,010 ft reach of Green Creek contained 17 percent riffles, 17 percent runs, and 66 percent pools.</p><br>
<p>Historically, a large whirlpool known as the Spinning Wheel or the Witchs Kettle existed on Green Creek approximately 2 mi south of Rohrsburg. It is believed to have been approximately 60 ft wide and over 200 ft deep. During the late 19th century, trash from Orangeville and Rohrsburg was poured into the whirlpool, causing it to begin to fill up by 1900. Flooding later altered the creeks course, so now there is a road over the site of the whirlpool.</p><br>
<p>During the Ice Age, ice movements may have occurred down the valley of Green Creek. Drift and cobbles are present along the creek&#39;s valley as high as 100 ft above the valley floor.</p><br>
<p>Coal oil has been historically observed in the vicinity of Green Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Green Creek has an area of 36.8 square miles. The mouth of the creek is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Bloomsburg. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Benton.</p><br>
<p>Soil erosion is a significant concern in some areas of the watershed of Green Creek. This especially includes the Greenwood Valley, which is used for agriculture relatively heavily. In 2015, there was a project to stabilize 300 ft of streambanks on the creek in Jackson Township.</p><br>
<h2>History and etymology</h2><br>
<p>Green Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1176059.</p><br>
<p>An Indian path connecting the Wyoming Valley with Muncy once existed, following Green Creek from its mouth upstream to near Rohrsburg. In 1778, Moses Van Campen headed a scouting expedition from Fort McClure to Fort Wheeler, and then to the headwaters of Green Creek, before crossing to Little Fishing Creek via Eves Swamp and eventually reaching Muncy Creek.</p><br>
<p>In 1797, the four Mather brothersThomas, Samuel, John, and Williamcame from the Buffalo Valley to settle near Green Creek. Jacob Lunger came from Northampton County, Pennsylvania and settled on Green Creek in 1800. In 1805, Abram Whiteman settled at the headwaters of the creek. Abram Kline constructed a sawmill on the creek at one point, but it was abandoned after a few years, and entirely gone by the early 1900s. The first flouring mill in the Rohrsburg area was built on Green Creek by Joseph Fullmer. In 1832, a fulling and carding mill were operated on the creek immediately north of Rohrsburg by Joseph E. Sands, but it was moved to Mordansville in 1856. In the 19th century, a school/geographical district in northeastern Greenwood Township was known as the Green Creek District, after Green Creek, which flowed through it. A covered bridge known as the Patterson Covered Bridge was built over the creek in 1875 by Frank Derr for $804 and was named for a nearby sawmill.</p><br>
<p>A concrete tee beam bridge carrying T-682 over Green Creek was built 2 mi west of Benton in 1923 and is 36.1 ft long. Another bridge of the same type, but carrying Green Creek Road over the creek, was built in 1934 1 mi south of Waller and is 23.0 ft long. A third concrete tee beam bridge, this one carrying T-455, was constructed across Green Creek in 1936 0.6 mi north-northwest of Rohrsburg and is 39.0 ft long. In 1961, a two-span prestressed box beam or girders bridge carrying State Route 4020 was built across the creek 1 mi north of Orangeville and is 86.0 ft long. A two-span steel culvert bridge carrying T-761 over the creek 3 mi west of Benton was built in 1986 and is 29.9 ft long. In 1992, a prestressed box beam or girders bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 254 was constructed over the creek in Rohrsburg and is 83.0 ft long. A bridge of a similar type, but carrying State Route 4045, was built over the creek in 2011 3 mi north of Rohrsburg and is 42.0 ft long.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>The drainage basin of Green Creek is designated as a Trout Stocked Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. Wild trout naturally reproduce in the creek from near its headwaters downstream to its mouth, a distance of 12.30 mi. As of the late 1990s, brown trout have been observed in the creek.</p><br>
<p>A site known as the Green Creek Floodplain is listed as a "locally significant site" on the Columbia County Natural Areas Inventory. The site consists of a section of the floodplain of Green Creek forested with hemlock in Jackson Township. Other environmentally sensitive natural features may also exist along the creek in Greenwood Township.</p><br>
<p>Green Creek has a relatively narrow riparian buffer in some reaches, and could benefit from these buffers being broadened. As of 2004, purple loosestrife colonies are growing and expanding along the creek.</p><br>
<p>The Aksu River  is a river in Kazakhstan that originates in the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains near the border with China and flows into Lake Balkhash. In Turkic languages, the name ak+su literally means "clean/white water". The Aksu is one of the main rivers of the historic region of Zhetysu.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river flows north from the border with China before turning north-westward passing by Matay and then northward when it reaches the Saryesik-Atyrau Desert, a large sand desert south of Lake Balkhash. The river empties into Lake Balkhash just west of the Lepsy River on its southern side. Aksu freezes in December and stays icebound until March. Because of irrigation, the river&#39;s flow into Lake Balkash is limited.</p><br>
<p>Oak Spring Farm is a historic farm located in Rockbridge County, Virginia, near the community of Steeles Tavern. The farms oldest building, its I-house style farmhouse, was built in 1826 by William Moore. The name of the farm came from a nearby spring originally used by Native American hunters. In 1845, Uriah Fultz purchased the farm; he later gave it to his brother Isaac, who opened a blacksmith shop on the property. In 1860, a two-story horizontal plank addition was placed on the house. The farms bank barn, added in 1878 is one of the largest in the United States; it replaced the previous barn, which had been destroyed in the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 19, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Pee Dee River Rice Planters Historic District is a set of historic rice plantation properties and national historic district located near Georgetown, Georgetown County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Historic features</h2><br>
<p>The district encompasses 10 contributing building, 16 contributing sites, and 34 contributing structures.</p><br>
<h3>Pee Dee River plantations</h3><br>
<p>It includes extant buildings, structures, and ricefields associated with 12 rice plantations located along the Pee Dee River.</p><br>
<p>They include:</p><br>
<p>Hasty Point,</p><br>
<p>Breakwater,</p><br>
<p>Belle Rive,</p><br>
<p>Exchange,</p><br>
<p>Rosebank,</p><br>
<p>Chicora Wood Plantation,</p><br>
<p>Guendalos,</p><br>
<p>Enfield,</p><br>
<p>Birdfield,</p><br>
<p>Arundel Plantation,</p><br>
<p>Springfield,</p><br>
<p>Dirleton</p><br>
<h3>Waccamaw River plantations</h3><br>
<p>It also includes five rice plantations located along the Waccamaw River:</p><br>
<p>Turkey Hill,</p><br>
<p>Oatland,</p><br>
<p>Willbrook,</p><br>
<p>Litchfield,</p><br>
<p>Waverly</p><br>
<h3>Rice planters culture</h3><br>
<p>These plantations were part of a large rice culture in the county which flourished from about 1750 to about 1910.</p><br>
<p>This district includes:</p><br>
<p>Four plantation houses (at Exchange, Rosebank, Chicora Wood, and Dirleton)</p><br>
<p>Two rice barns (at Hasty Point and Exchange)</p><br>
<p>Collections of plantation outbuildings (at Chicora Wood and Arundel)</p><br>
<p>Rice mill and chimney (at Chicora Wood)</p><br>
<p>Historic ricefields with canals, dikes, and trunks.</p><br>
<p>The plantation houses are all frame houses with a central hall plan.</p><br>
<p>The Pee Dee River Rice Planters Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Ravine des Casoars  is a gorge and an associated drainage basin in the Australian state of South Australia located on the west coast of Kangaroo Island about 95 km west of Kingscote.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ravine des Casoars is a steep sided valley of 3 km length with an east–west alignment and with a maximum depth of 100 m.</p><br>
<p>The ravine meets the sea on the west coast of Kangaroo Island via a gap of about 120 m width in the coastline’s continuous cliff line. A beach is located between the two headlands. The beach and an accompanying sand dune extends about 600 m back into the south side of the ravine to an elevation of about 100 m while a creek and an associated lagoon flows on the north side of the ravine.</p><br>
<p>The base of the cliffs on the northern side of the beach had eroded with the result of caves being formed. As of 1965, two caves were described. The first known as ‘K5’ which accommodated at the time in this entrance, a little penguin rookery, was described as being 50 ft wide and as having a ‘massive rockfall’ and decoration including flowstone. Adjacent to ‘K5’ is ‘K16’ which was described as being 400 ft long, 40 ft wide and 10 ft high with decoration consisting of rimstone and stalactites.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Aboriginal use</h3><br>
<p>Aboriginal sites have been identified by the South Australian Museum at Ravine des Casoars. As of 1999, radiocarbon dating of material recovered via archaeological excavation from sites at Cape du Couedic and Rocky River to the south of the ravine’s catchment area suggest Aboriginal presence in the western end of Kangaroo Island from approximately 7,500 years BP to as recent as 350–400 years BP.</p><br>
<h3>European discovery</h3><br>
<p>The members of the Baudin expedition of 1800-03 were the first Europeans known to have visited the ravine. Baudin reportedly named the ravine after the numbers of the now-extinct Kangaroo Island Emu present at the time and which he mistook for the Cassowary. Reliable witnesses have reported the existence of an inscription in one of the caves on the coast where Ravine des Casoars meets the sea bearing Baudin’s name and several other names of French origin. As of 1999, the inscription had not been located, possibly due to temporary obscurement by the movement of sand within the cave and other changes in the level of the cave floor.</p><br>
<h2>Protected area status</h2><br>
<p>Ravine des Casoars is currently located within the protected area of the same name - the Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area.</p><br>
<p>Georgetown Historic District is a national historic district located at Georgetown, Georgetown County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 49 contributing buildings in the central business district of Georgetown. The oldest existing structure in Georgetown is a dwelling which dates from about 1737. There are approximately 28 additional 18th century structures as well as 18 buildings erected during the 19th century prior to the American Civil War. The existing structures—homes, churches, public buildings—are of both historical and architectural significance and are situated on heavily shaded, wide streets. The architecture ranges from the simplicity of early colonial, or Georgian, to the elaborate rice plantation era, such as Classical Revival. Notable buildings include the Georgetown County Courthouse, USA Post Office, The Rice Museum , Winyah Indigo Society Hall, Masonic Lodge, Antipedo Baptist Church Cemetery, Prince George Winyah Episcopal Church complex, St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church, Kaminski Building, Mary Man House, Dr. Charles Fyffe / Middleton House, John Cleland / Allston House, Samuel Sampson / Henning-Ward House, Robert Stewart / George Pawley House, Martha Allston Pyatt /John S. Pyatt House, Eleazar Waterman / Withers House, and William Waties / Withers House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Eastgate House is a Grade I listed Elizabethan townhouse in Rochester, Kent, England. It is notable for its association with author Charles Dickens, featuring as Westgate in The Pickwick Papers and as the Nun&#39;s House in The Mystery of Edwin Drood. Now a Dickens Museum, the grounds of Eastgate House contain the Swiss chalet in which Dickens penned several of his novels.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in the 1590s for Sir Peter Buck, Mayor of Medway and Clerk of the Cheque at Chatham Dockyard.</p><br>
<p>The house then became home to five generations of his family.</p><br>
<p>In 1687, the Parker family inhabited the house and then in the 1750s, the Bartholemew family owned the house until the mid-18th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1761, it was owned by Annabel Darwin. Then in 1791, it was occupied by James Reed. It is unclear who first set up a school on the site (James or his widow). The school is mentioned in as a freeschool in The History and Antiquities of Rochester and Its Environs by Samuel Denne in 1772. In 1841, it became a Victorian boarding school for girls governed by Rebecca Norton.</p><br>
<p>The house is famous for its association with Dickens, featuring as Westgate in The Pickwick Papers in 1836, and then as the Nuns House&#39; in The Mystery of Edwin Drood in 1870.</p><br>
<p>In 1870s, it became a private house once more, owned by Samual Shaw, a wholesale coal merchant. Who was born in Wandsworth, Surrey. This was to be their last home in England, before leaving for Canada.</p><br>
<p>It became a young mens hostel in 1890 and then a temperance restaurant in 1897. In 1903, Rochester City Council converted the building into a municipal library and museum in celebration of Queen Victorias Diamond Jubilee.</p><br>
<p>Eastgate was then used as a Dickens Museum (from 1923) and its grounds contain the Swiss chalet in which Dickens penned several of his novels, relocated from Gad&#39;s Hill in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the Dickens Centre closed. In December 2012, Medway Council obtained £1.28 million in funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund to transform the house into an exhibition centre for art and history events, with improved access and visitor facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The brick exterior is fragile and expensive to repair. The structure has the date 1591 on a beam in one of the upper rooms of the house. Conservators made some discoveries after removing layers of interior paint: the mysterious drawing of a man&#39;s face within a 16th-century setting, and a pattern of black lines with similarity to a plaster painting discovered on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>At the time of completion, the grounds of the house were "extremely large stretching westward a considerable distance along St. Martins Lane to St Chad&#39;s Lane and northward". In the 1920s, Sir Guy Dawber designed the gardens, annexe building and cottage of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Bass Harbor Memorial Library is the public library of Tremont, Maine. It is located at 89 Bernard Road in the village of Bernard, in an historically significant Colonial Revival building built in 1922 with funds donated by Tremont native Rhoda M. Watson. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The library building has two parts, a main block constructed of brick in 1922 and a rear extension framed in wood and built in 1991. The main block is laid in running bond above a row of soldier bricks laid on the concrete foundation, and is topped by a side gable roof. The main facade, facing east, has a central projecting gable-roofed portico supported by modified Doric pilasters and columns. The main wall under the portico, surrounding the entrance, is stuccoed. The wooden door is topped by a semicircular fanlight set in moulded trim. The rear wood-frame addition is more utilitarian, and is clad in vinyl siding.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance leads into a vestibule, and then a reading room which occupies the entire brick 1922 structure. It has a barrel-vaulted ceiling, and its walls are finished in dark-stained beaded boarding. The rear half of the building houses the library stacks, offices, and other modern facilities.</p><br>
<p>The history of the Tremont public library begins with a private collection of books made available by Mrs. Vesta McRae, probably from her own home. This collection grew to about 1200 volumes by 1920. The 1922 portion of the present building was designed by an unknown architect, and was funded by Rhoda M. Watson, a Tremont native who was memorializing her late husband Edwin, an industrialist from Leicester, Massachusetts, and was formally accepted by the town the following year. It is possible that the builder, Charles Lawson, was also its designer; he was Rhoda Watsons brother. Its construction took place at a time when many public libraries were underwritten by charitable gifts, and when libraries were seen as an important aspect of a communitys educational offerings.</p><br>
<p>The Townsend Farm is a historic farmstead on East Harrisville Road in Dublin, New Hampshire. The property was developed in several stages, beginning with the construction of a modest, 1-1/2 story Cape style structure in c. 1780 by Abel Wilder. The main block of the farmhouse, to which the older structure is attached as an ell, was built c. 1850 by Jonathan Townsend; it is a 2-1/2 story Greek Revival structure. The property was acquire c. 1890 by the artist George DeForest Brush, who adapted it for use as his principal studio. Brush was a leading figure in Dublin&#39;s art colony, playing host to other artists and luminaries of the art world, including Isabella Stewart Gardner.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fester Hollow is a tributary of West Branch Briar Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is 4.54 mi long.</p><br>
<p>Fester Hollow was most likely named in the middle of the 1800s, before 1860, after John Fester, a landowner and farmer.</p><br>
<p>Bedrock in the watershed of Fester Hollow consists of shale, siltstone, and limestone. The stream&#39;s watershed has an area of 4.54 square miles. Its median discharge is 3.54 cubic feet per second and its median pH is 7.66.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Fester Hollow begins in northeastern North Centre Township, on the southern side of Knob Mountain. The stream flows southeast until it reaches Pennsylvania Route 93, which it crosses. It then turns south-southeast and flows parallel to Pennsylvania Route 93 for a short distance, passing by a cemetery. When Pennsylvania Route 93 curves east, Fester Hollow continues going south-southeast. It then passes by the community of Fowlersville and then enters West Branch Briar Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology and climate</h2><br>
<p>The discharge of Fester Hollow in its lower reaches ranges from 0.75 to 34 cubic feet per second. The median discharge of the stream is 3.54 cubic feet per second. The minimum water temperature in the stream is 34.4 &deg;F and the maximum temperature is 70.7 &deg;F. The median temperature is 54.4 &deg;F. The stream&#39;s water temperature is often higher than the maximum required temperature for a stream to be considered a cold-water fishery.</p><br>
<p>The median electrical conductivity of Fester Hollow is 89 milli-siemens. The highest recorded electrical conductivity is 351 milli-siemens and the lowest recorded electrical conductivity is 69 milli-siemens.</p><br>
<p>The minimum pH of Fester Hollow is 7.06 and the median pH is 7.66. The maximum pH of the stream is 9.17, making it the most alkaline stream in the watershed of Briar Creek. The total concentration of dissolved solids in Fester Hollow ranges from 34 to 169 parts per million. The median concentration is 44 parts per million. The stream also has higher-than-ideal concentrations of nitrates.</p><br>
<p>The watershed of Fester Hollow is in Pennsylvania&#39;s Climate Division #5.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the Briar Creek Association for Watershed Solutions performed a visual assessment of Fester Hollow, rating it for various qualities, including streambank stability and the quality of the riparian buffer. The creek was rated as 5.4 out of 10, indicating "poor" water quality.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geography</h2><br>
<p>The bedrock in the southern tip of the Fester Hollow watershed consists of calcareous shale and a small amount of limestone. North of this is a band of shale bedrock. The northern and central parts of the watershed have siltstone as their bedrock. The Zipp Series, a silt loam soil, is found on the lower reaches of the stream. Fester Hollow is in the ridge and valley geographical region of the Appalachian Mountains. There are forested ravines in along the stream.</p><br>
<p>The lower reaches of Fester Hollow are at an elevation of 194 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>Most of the watershed of Fester Hollow is located in North Centre Township. However, the northeastern corner of the watershed is in Briar Creek Township. Major roads in the watershed include Mountain Road and Pennsylvania Route 93. The stream&#39;s watershed has an area of 4.54 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Wild trout reproduce along the entire length of Fester Hollow.</p><br>
<p>Forest corridors on Fester Hollow connect to the forests on Knob Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Boothbay Harbor Memorial Library is the public library of Boothbay Harbor, Lincoln County, Maine. It is located at 4 Oak Street, in an architecturally significant Greek Revival building constructed as a private residence in 1842. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The building also serves as a war memorial to the town&#39;s soldiers of the First World War.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The library building is a multi-section wood frame building, with gabled roof lines and clapboard siding. Its most prominent feature is a tetrastyle Greek Revival temple front, with four fluted Doric columns supporting a broad entablature and a fully pedimented triangular pediment, with a louvered fan at its center. The building corners at the back of this front feature paneled pilasters, and the center entrance is framed by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by an entablature. Ells extend the building to the right side.</p><br>
<p>The library building was built as a private home in 1842. For whom it was built is unclear: the library claims that it was built for William Maxwell Reed, while the preparers of its National Register nomination claim it was built for Cyrus McKown, a prominent local businessman, and sold to Chapman Reed in 1873.</p><br>
<p>The towns first free library was established in 1906, and occupied rented quarters until the town approved funding to acquire the Reed house, which it purchased in 1923. The building was remodelled for use as a library by the Boston architect Stanley Parker, and was enlarged in 1966 to a design by Parkers son, Stanley Jr.</p><br>
<p>Turicum is the Latin name of the Swiss municipality of Zürich and one of the most important archaeological sites in the canton of Zürich. In Roman times, Turicum was a tax-collecting point respectively vicus at the border of the Roman provinces Gallia Belgica  and Raetia for goods trafficked on the waterway Walensee-Obersee-Zürichsee passing Centum Prata  towards the rivers Limmat, Aare and Rhine from and towards the Roman heartland over the mountain passes of the Swiss Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The ancient name Turicum and the fact that in the present city of Zürich was an imperial Roman customs station, is known thanks to the inscription on the grave stone those Latin inscription refers to STA(tionis) TURICEN(sis) as the Roman customs stations situated there. The original gravestone dates from 185/200 AD and was found on the Lindenhof hill. The gravestone was erected for Lucius Aelius Urbicus, a one-year-old child, by his parents Unio, freedman of Augustus, and Aelia Secundina.</p><br>
<p>The earliest manuscript mention of the settlement, as castellum turegum, describes the mission of Columbanus in 610. An 8th-century list of toponyms by the so-called Geographer of Ravenna mentions Ziurichi. The Latin name may be derived from Turīcon, a Celtic name of a personality called Tūros.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistory and Celtic Oppidum Lindenhof</h2><br>
<p>On the then swamp area between Limmat and Lake Zurich around the present Sechseläutzenplatz plaza, there were Neolithic pile dwellings which were set on piles to protect its inhabitants against occasional flooding by the rivers Sihl, Linth and Jona. Three settlements were located in Enge, a locality of the municipality of Zürich: Zürich–Enge Alpenquai and Kleiner Hafner on then islands or peninsulas on the effluence of the Limmat, and Grosser Hafner, as well as the settlement Kleiner Hafner near the present Sechseläutenplatz plaza on the effluence of the Limmat on Lake Zurich lake shore, all within an area of about 0.2 km&sup2; some 500 m away of the core of the Celtic Oppidum respectively the Roman era Vicus.</p><br>
<p>Probably in the first 1st century BC or even much earlier, the Celts settled on and around the Lindenhof hill. For the 1st century BC La Tène culture, archaeologists excavated individual and aerial finds of the Celtic Oppidum whose remains were discovered in archaeological campaigns in the years 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2007, and also the 1900s and 1930s finds which mistakenly were identified as Roman objects. Grosser Hafner was also an island sanctuary of the Helvetii in connection with the settlement at the preceding Oppidi Uetliberg and Lindenhof.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and area of the Roman settlement</h2><br>
<p>The core of the Helvetii and Roman settlement was the Lindenhof hill amidst the present Altstadt of the modern city of Zürich. The moraine hill was the site of the prehistorian settlements were the modern city historically has grown. The hilltop area dominates the city of Zürich alongside the easternly Limmat riverbank, and its northern slope called Sihlbühl towards the former Sihl delta marked the northern boundary of the Helvetii and Roman settlement – where the structures of the medieval Oetenbach Nunnery, Waisenhaus Zürich and later the Urania Sternwarte were erected at the present Uraniastrasse, and therefore important historical archaeaological excavations never were done. To the south, at the St. Peter church hill, there was another cultic construction towards Münsterhof, and in the west the settlement was bounded by the present Rennweg–Bahnhofstrasse lanes and the Münzplatz plaza.</p><br>
<p>The largely flattened Lindenhof area elevates at 428 m above sea level, and rises about 25 m above the level of the Limmat at the Schipfe–Limmatquai area in the west; probably some Roman buildings were built at the site of the Zunfthaus zur Zimmerleuten on the other riverbank, and the Roman settlement may stretched towards the present Münsterbrücke which is crossing the Limmat between Grossmünster (remains of graves) and Wasserkirche, and the Münsterhof plaza.</p><br>
<h2>Roman Vicus</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>The earliest record of the town&#39;s name is preserved on the 2nd-century tombstone found in 1747 AD on the Lindenhof hill, referring to the Roman Vicus as "STA(tio) TUR(i)CEN(sis)" as customs station for goods going to and coming from Italy at the same location as the Celtic Oppidum. The Vicus was founded probably around 15 BC, but there are no written sources. The Roman settlement first belonged to the province of Gallia Belgica, and to Germania Superior from AD 90. Roman Turicum was not fortified in the beginning, but there was a small garrison at the tax-collecting point, downstream of the lake respectively Limmat nearby the Münsterhof plaza where the goods were loaded between small river boats (Limmat) and larger ships (Lake Zurich) for the transport on the water route.</p><br>
<h3>1st to late 4th century</h3><br>
<p>Commercial and residential buildings were erected in the vicinity of the Lindenhof hill, in later times, villae rusticae were established in the present suburban districts. At the present Zunfthaus zur Zimmerleuten at Limmatquai opposite of the Lindenhof hill, the area was stabilized with embankments; some of these mounds date back to the Roman settlement era. Due to its location on Lake Zurich lake shore at the effluence of the Limmat, where the goods had to be reloaded onto riverboats, and although Turicum was not situated alongside an important Roman main road, however, the water route was essential for the Roman army in the present Western and Northeastern Switzerland. Not yet archaeologically proven but suggested by the historians, the very first construction of the present Münsterbrücke Limmat crossing was built in the Roman era, when the present Weinplatz square was the former civilian harbour of the Celtic-Roman Turicum, and so the term Weinplatz (literally wine plaza) has an ancient meaning.</p><br>
<p>As a Vicus, Turicum was not secured by town walls, but the buildings grouped around the customs station (Quadragesima Galliarum) where the clearance of goods and travelers prior to transfer between the provinces of Gallia Belgica and Raetia took place, mainly on the water route (from and to the Roman heartland over the mountain passes of the Swiss Alps) Walensee-Obersee-Zürichsee passing Centum Prata (Kempraten) towards the Limmat, Aare and Rhine. Goods and travelers, probably also towards Vitudurum (Winterthur), were handled at the Vicus before crossing the Roman provinces of Gallia Belgica and Germania Superior, and transferred on the Roman road between Vindonissa (Windisch) probably via Irgenhausen Castrum and Curia Raetorum (Chur). In Turicum a duty of 2.5% (Quadragesima Galliarum) was levied.</p><br>
<p>In 70/75 AD a harbor district rose on the newly acquired lands on the Limmat riverbank at the foot of Lindenhof (Schipfe–Weinplatz), and the settlement area was extended on the right bank of the Limmat at the present Limmatquai. Public buildings made of stone and paved roads were built. In addition to the fire bed tombs from the 1st century AD at Münsterhof (Poststrasse), west of the Fraumünster church, also a round pit from the 2nd/3rd century was discovered, with numerous shards mainly of drinking cups and bowls, northeast of the church.</p><br>
<p>At the site of the present Weinplatz towards St. Peterhofstatt the remains of remarkable 2nd to 4th century AD Thermae were excavated. Christianity may have been introduced in the 3rd century by Felix and Regula, with whom Exuperantius was associated – according to the Christian legend, Felix and Regula and their servant were executed at the location of the Wasserkirche in 286. Using the advantage of topography, the Roman military built a citadel on top of the Lindenhof hill in the years of the Roman emperor Valentinian I (364–375), to defend migrations from the North by the Alamanni. 4500 m² large, it was fitted with 10 towers and two meter wide walls. South of the Lindenhof Castrum, at the location of the St. Peter church, there was a temple to Jupiter.</p><br>
<h3>Grosser Hafner island sanctory</h3><br>
<p>An island sanctuary of the Helvetii in connection with settlement the preceding Oppidi Lindenhof and the 1st century BC settlement at the Lindenhof hill may have probably go back to the La Tène culture. During the reign of Emperor Hadrian, a round wooden temple as an island sanctuary was built on the Grosser Hafner island, which allows a dendrochronological dating. The building was erected in 122 AD, and consisted of oak piles driven deep into the lake bottom. It was surrounded probably with walls made of perishable materials, which formed a circle of seven meters in diameter. The rotunda is located on the former Neolithic island settlement, about 500 m away from the Roman Vicus. The archaeological material indicates that the facility was used up in the 3rd century AD, even up in the 4th century AD by the Gallo-Roman population. On the one hand, the interpretation as the temple is based on the insularity and the design, on the other hand on finds of coins; the majority of the now nearly 90 coins probably are from a so far not proven predecessor building, probably from the third quarter of the 1st century AD. There are also the fragments of bar tiles of maybe another Roman building. On occasion of diving operations from 1998 to 2001 almost 100 kg of tile fragments are ensured, and up to 40 coins and several pottery shards, as well as rectangular post hole.</p><br>
<h3>Gallo-Roman era</h3><br>
<p>The Alamanni settled in probably from the 5th century when the Roman military retreated back to Italy, but the Roman castle persisted into the 7th century and was reinforced by the Ottonian dynasty, but broken around 1218 AD. To date, few archaeological remains of the Roman Zürich could be excavated systematically because the remains of the settlement are hidden under the densely built-up core of the modern city of Zürich. Archaeologically excavated are the remains of public baths (Thermengasse), graves and traces of craft enterprises, residential buildings, as well as everyday objects and jewelry, but also of cult equipment.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological exploration</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological excavations usually were executed on occasion of renewals of present buildings at Rennweg 5/7 (settlement structures), Fortunagasse 28/Rennweg 38 and Oetenbachgasse 5–9 (Celtic trench and settlement structures), Münzplatz (settlement structures), Lindenhof hill (Celtic, Roman and medieval settlement structures), Rennweg 35 (Celtic spot plates (Tüpfelplatten) and settlement structures), the Limmat (bars) and Bürkliplatz-Bahnhofstrasse (Celtic Potin coins), all representing the Helvetii and early Roman settlement. Focussed on the Gallo-Roman era, archaeological explorations were executed at Weinplatz 3/4/5 and Storchengasse 23 (harbour area and thermae), Storchengasse 13 (cultic building) and neighbored Fortunagasse 28/Rennweg 38 (maybe a hostel) and gold jewellery at the Sihlbühl area, Poststrasse/Zentralhof at Münsterhof (probably early medieval graves), and the island sanctuary (Rundtempel) on the former Grosser Hafner island.</p><br>
<p>Some of the finds are shown in situ at the Thermengasse lane (Weinplatz towards St. Peterhofstatt), and in the so-called Lindenhofkeller on the Lindenhof hill where the Celtii, Gallo-Roman and Carolinum walls are shown and explained by information boards by personal demand at Baugeschichtliches Archiv der Stadt Zürich opposite of the Grimmenturm respectively Theater Neumarkt buildings (Neumarkt).</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>The hillside area of the Lindenhof hill is listed as in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance – including the remains of its prehistoric, Roman and medieval settlements respectively structures – as a Class A object of national importance. Hence, the area is provided as a historical site under federal protection, within the meaning of the Swiss Federal Act on the nature and cultural heritage (German: Bundesgesetz über den Natur- und Heimatschutz NHG) of 1 July 1966. Unauthorised researching and purposeful gathering of findings represent a criminal offense according to Art. 24.</p><br>
<p>Yanaqucha  is a lake in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru located in the Ancash Region, Huari Province, Chavín de Huantar District. It is situated at a height of about 4,314 m, about 800 m long and 280 m at its widest point. It has a depth of about 12 m. Yanaqucha lies in the Chacpar gorge north-west of Chavín de Huantar belonging to the Huascarán National Park. It supplies the local people with drinking water.</p><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by plants like ichhu (Stipa ichu), lliqllish qura (Werneria nubigena), warwash hembra (Gynoxis sp.), ankush (Senecio canescens) and champa estrella (Plantago rigida). There is also trout in the lake. This is a place to watch birds like the yellow-billed teal, the blue-winged teal, the Andean gull and the Andean goose.</p><br>
<p>The Rural Cemetery and Friends Cemetery are a pair of connected cemeteries at 149 Dartmouth Street in New Bedford, Massachusetts. They occupy an irregular parcel of land more than 90 acre in size on the west side of the city. Established in 1837, the Rural Cemetery was the fifth rural cemetery in the nation, after Mount Auburn Cemetery , Mount Hope Cemetery , Mount Pleasant Cemetery , and Laurel Hill Cemetery . In its early days it was criticized as lacking some of the natural beauty afforded by rolling terrain; the early sections were laid out in rectilinear manner on relatively flat terrain. The cemetery was a popular burial site, including notably the landscape artist Albert Bierstadt and Governor of Massachusetts John H. Clifford.</p><br>
<p>In contrast to the more decorative nature of the Rural Cemetery, the Friends Cemetery is much plainer. It consists of a roughly 2 acre parcel on one side of the Rural Cemetery, which was sold to the Dartmouth Friends in 1849, but is administered by the city. This section has less ornate markers, generally laid out in rectilinear fashion. It includes burials that were relocated from a Friends cemetery (dating to 1793) that had been located on the New Bedford waterfront.</p><br>
<p>The cemeteries were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Father William Duncan House, also known as the Father Duncan Cottage and now hosting the Duncan Cottage Museum, is a historic house located at 501 Tait Street in Metlakatla, Alaska. The single-story wood frame structure was built in 1891 by the Tsimshian followers of the Anglican missionary William Duncan. It was one of the first structures built in Metlakatla after Duncan led a small number of followers there from the like-named village in British Columbia. The front facade is faced in shiplap siding, with four evenly spaced pilasters. There is decorative woodwork in the shallow-pitch gable end. Duncan was an influential leader of the community until his death in 1918.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The W.F. & Estelle McWilliams House is a historic house at 314 Summit Avenue in El Dorado, Arkansas. The two story brick house was built in 1922 for William and Estelle McWilliams, early in El Dorado&#39;s oil boom, which was prompted by the discovery of oil in 1921. McWilliams was a prominent local businessman who operated a number of retail business, was a local bank director, and built the Rialto Theatre. The McWilliams house is a stylistically eclectic combination of Craftsman, Classical Revival, and Mission/Mediterranean styling. Based on stylistic evidence, it may have been designed by the Little Rock firm of Kolben, Hunter and Boyd.</p><br>
<p>In 1967 Claude and Glynn Calahan purchased the home and raised their children, Gordon and Melanie, in it. Claude and Glynn Calahan still reside in the home. Glynn Calahan, who owned an antique business, filled the home with antiques suitable for the style of the home.</p><br>
<p>The Calahan&#39;s purchased the home from The First Methodist Church of El Dorado in 1967. It was the church parsonage and many weddings were held in the large living room of the home.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Mauch Chunk Ridge  or Mauch Chunk Mountain is a historically important barrier ridgeline north of the Blue Mountain escarpment and 3rd parallel ridgeline south of the Nesquehoning Creek after Nesquehoning Mountain and Pisgah Ridge in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The three lengthy ridges and two valley formations together are literally the first ridges and valleys just south of the Poconos &mdash;geological formations which contain some of the richest Anthracite coal bearing sedimentary rocks of Northeastern Pennsylvania. Historically, the first Anthracite mines in America were located atop Pisgah Mountain at Summit Hill and caravanned by pack mule through the Mauch Chunk Creek valley. Then the historic Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill Switchback Railroad, the second railway in North America was built along the Pisgah Mountain side of the same valley&mdash;and become quite a tourist attraction and is known as the world&#39;s first roller coaster, and would inspire others in purpose built amusement parks. The Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill Switchback Railroad became only a tourist road in the 1890s and thrilled riders until it was liquidated in the 1930s, a casualty of the Great depression.</p><br>
<p>The north slopes of the long series of worn peaks feed the minor tributary Mauch Chunk Creeks mouth which opens out easterly into the Lehigh River, and where from ca. 1792 on through its valley, pack mule trails&mdash;then North Americas second ever rail road&mdash; enabled the output of the first coal mines of the southern Anthracite region at Summit Hill, Pennsylvania to be conveyed to the water transport available on the Lehigh River at what is now Packerton, Pennsylvania. A number of early pack mule routes traveled in part along the north faces of the mountain&#39;s long ridgeline (12.5 mi) from Summit Hill and points west.</p><br>
<p>The ridge is a succession of peaks exceeding 1,501 ft looming 300–540 feet above the rural bedroom communities now along in the Mauch Chunk Creek valley. The ridge forms the right bank drainage divide on the south and the streams source in the west. The west end of the ridge is named TBDL Geologically, the Mauch Chunk Ridge divide is classed as of minor degree, the watersheds north and south of the ridge enter the same body, the Lehigh, and do so only a few miles apart</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Mountain is but one average folded mountain in a succession of near parallel ridgelines, where each are made by a succession of peaks of nearly the same height. This Ridge and Valley province is a geological feature that extends from New Jersey into Virginia forming a great barrier of successive valleys. Pisgah Mountain-just across the valley and creek, is located along the southern fringe of northeastern Pennsylvania&#39;s Poconos region but is also central to the Southern Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania&mdash; known as the site of the Richest Anthracite Seam, in the heart of the Southern Pennsylvania Anthracite Field and the geological province known as the Anthracite Upland section. The ridgeline parallels the escarpment of the Blue Mountain region.</p><br>
<p>Lake Iset  is a sweet water lake in Sverdlovsk Oblast, 25 km north-west from the city of Yekaterinburg, on the shore of the lake stands the city Sredneuralsk. It has an area of about 24 km.</p><br>
<p>Into the lake many rivers and streams flow, Shitovskoy source, Big Black, Kalynivka, Beryozovka Lebyazhka and Mulyanka. One follows the Iset River. The lake is surrounded by mountains. Several small islands: Solovetsky reds (because of its shape was formerly called "Cap of Monomakh"), Stone (formerly called "The Ship"). At the lakeshore settlements: Sredneuralsk city, village Iset, villages and Koptyaki Murzinka. Iset lake is rich in fish, including rudd, bream, tench, ruff, perch and pike. Acclimatized species such as carp and mirror carp.</p><br>
<p>In 1850 in the mouth of the river Iset began construction of an earthen dam. Only in 1946 was replaced by an earthen dam on the concrete. Due to this, the lake level rose to the current level. The lake water is used in Sredneuralskaya.</p><br>
<p>On the shores of the lake, archaeologists found more than a dozen sites of ancient people, dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. On one of the islands was found deposited ocher ancient images, but with the rise of the lake level they were flooded.</p><br>
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<p>The Hadži-Prodan&#39;s Cave  is an archaeological site of the Paleolithic period and a national natural monument, located in the village Raščići around 7 km from Ivanjica in western central Serbia. The rather narrow and high entrance with at an altitude of 630 m above sea level sits about 40 m above the Rašćanska river valley bed and is oriented towards the south. The 345 m long cave was formed during the Late Cretaceous in "thick-bedded to massive" Senonian limestone. Prehistoric pottery shards and Pleistocene faunal fossils had already been collected by Zoran Vučićević from Ivanjica. Animal fossils especially Cave bear  and Iron Age artifact discoveries during an unrelated areal survey were reportedly made at the cave entrance and in the main cavern. The site is named in honor of Hadži-Prodan, a 19th century Serbian revolutionary.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Hadži Prodanova has been the subject of research and study in speleological and archaeological literature for over a century. It received renewed attention after a 2003 to 2004 joint excavation campaign of the University of Belgrade, the National Museum of Serbia and the Institute for Protection of Cultural Heritage in Kraljevo. It was decided to thoroughly review and document the site as material and objects of Palaeolithic origin and fossilized bones of Pleistocene fauna were unearthed during previous survey excavations. Probes had been taken to identify the foundations and map the original position of an early 20th century Church (St. Archangel Michael) that once stood right in front of the cave&#39;s entrance in order to accurately assess the feasibility of its reconstruction. In 2003 a 2.5 m deep trench of 16 m&sup2; was dug in the entrance, the main cavern and the internal part of the cave plateau. Only fifteen Palaeolithic artifacts were discovered inside the cave. Most discoveries originate from the frontal plateau. The aim of the excavation was to evaluate the stratigraphic position of the findings. Hadži Prodanova has yielded sizable faunal deposits of various large and small vertebrates. Five sediment layers were investigated and the remains of cave bears, wolves, ibex, various rodents and birds unearthed. In total, 13 species of rodents have been found, which are still extant. Composition and frequency helped to better determine the ecological characteristics of the stratigraphic segments.</p><br>
<h3>Analysis</h3><br>
<p>In a 2010 preliminary taphonomic analysis it was concluded, that "human occupation was very brief, maybe only a few hours, which is somewhat more common in the Middle Paleolithic than in the Epigravettian". However, Hadži Prodanova and the nerby Šalitrena cave are so far the only cave sites in the Central Balkan mountains, that have produced evidence for human presence in a Gravettian and/or Epigravettian cultural context.</p><br>
<h2>Stratigraphy</h2><br>
<p>The interior sediments are around 2.5 m high and constitute a stratigraphic sequence of five cultural layers.</p><br>
<p>1. Holocene era top layer of grey clay mixed with fragmented rocks, which contained Iron Age and more recent artifacts.</p><br>
<p>2. Late Upper Palaeolithic strata of brown and yellowish clay mixed with fine debris, that held flakes and chipped flint artifacts attributed to the Epigravettian culture, implements with abruptly retouched edges point to a deposition of Gravettian or Epigravettian cultural settlement.</p><br>
<p>3. Archaeologically sterile layer of brown clay with coarse detritus, large rocks and no artifacts.</p><br>
<p>4. Middle Palaeolithic strata of light brown clay with fine detritus and variously sized deposits of fine gravel, that contained artifacts. The ecological characteristics of layer 4 and 5 are similar.</p><br>
<p>5. Middle Palaeolithic strata of dark brown clay with coarse detritus and large rocks, that yielded two scraper tools and several artifacts made of quartzite. This layer was further divided into four horizons (a, b, c and d).</p><br>
<p>The cave entrance&#39;s sediment structure extends out onto the relatively flat exterior area of some 80 m&sup2, where excavations to a depth of 4.4 m has not yet reached the bedrock.</p><br>
<p>Hadzi Prodanova has been put under national protection in 1974 and its protection status was reviewed and approved in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Cook Memorial Library is the public library of Tamworth, New Hampshire. It is located at 93 Main Street in the center of the town, in an 1895 Queen Anne Victorian building which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The library&#39;s origins are in a private "social library" established in 1796 by Parson Samuel Hidden; the building was given in memory of Charles Cook, a prominent local businessman and politician.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cook Memorial Library stands in the modest town center of Tamworth, on the south side of Main Street just east of its junction with Great Hill Road. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a clipped gable roof, and an exterior finished in a combination of clapboards and decorative cut shingles. The gables extend well beyond the frame, and are supported by paired decorative brackets. A two-story square tower rises at the right front corner, with a round-arch window in the first level, and a clock in the second. It is capped by a pyramidal roof with flared edges. The front facade has a pair of windows set under a pent roof with turned brackets. The library interior retains high-quality period features, with especially fine woodwork in the main reading room.</p><br>
<p>Tamworths library history begins in 1796, with the founding of a private subscription library, which is a direct predecessor to the present institution. Subscribers paid $3 per year for access to a collection of 600 volumes. The present library is named for Charles P. Cook a Tamworth native and successful businessman, and was funded by a gift from Cooks widow, Susan Staples Cook.</p><br>
<p>The District No. 2 Schoolhouse, also known as the Little Red Schoolhouse, is a historic one-room schoolhouse at 2851 Wakefield Road in Wakefield, New Hampshire. Built in 1858-59, it was at the time one of the finest district schoolhouses in rural New Hampshire. It was used as a school until 1941, and now houses the museum of the local historical society. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former District No. 2 Schoolhouse stands near the northern end of the elongated village of Wakefield, on the southwest side of Wakefield Road a short way south of its junction with East Side Road. It is a 1-1/2 story brick structure, with a gabled roof and granite foundation. Its corners have brick pilasters, which rise to entablatures running along the sides. The main entrance is set in a round-arch opening, and there is a half-round opening in the gable end, filled with a wooden panel marked with the year of construction, 1858. A single-story wood-frame ell extends to the rear. The property includes a privy and a fully outfitted 19th-century cobbler&#39;s shop.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1858, after the previous school was destroyed by fire. Apparently as a consequence of that fire, the town decided to rebuild in brick, creating what was then noted as one of the finest district schools in the region. It was used as a public school building until 1941. In 1950 the town leased the building to the Wakefield-Brookfield Historical Society, which purchased it outright in 1956. It now serves as a museum and meeting space for the society.</p><br>
<p>The Durgin Bridge is a covered bridge carrying Durgin Bridge Road over the Cold River in eastern Sandwich, New Hampshire. Built in 1869, it is a rare surviving example of a Paddleford truss bridge, and one of the few surviving 19th-century covered bridges in New Hampshire. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Durgin Bridge is located in an isolated rural area of eastern Sandwich. It spans the Cold River between road junctions with Foss Flats Road and Fellows Hill Road on the south side of the river, and Durgin Bridge Road, Bridge View Road, and River Road on the north side. It is a single-span structure with a total length of 110 ft and a width of 19 ft. The span over the river is 96 ft and the roadway width is now 14 ft, having been reduced from 16 feet by the addition of strengthening laminated arches in 1966. The bridge rests on concrete-faced stone abutments and is covered by a metal gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1869 at one of two major crossing points of the Cold River (the other at Whiteface village to the northwest). This one was located not far from the mill of James Durgin, and eventually came to be known by his name. It replaced bridges that had been swept away by floods in 1844, 1955, and 1869. Jacob Berry, the builder, eliminated the central pier used by the earlier bridges, and raised the height of the bridge 10 ft. He had previously worked with Peter Paddleford, whose truss design he used for this structure. The laminated arches were added in 1968-69 to allow for the passage of heavy vehicles, including fire trucks. It is the only surviving 19th-century covered bridge in Sandwich.</p><br>
<p>The Lepsy River  also known as the Lepsa River or the Lepsi River, is a river in south-eastern Kazakhstan. It originates in the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains north of the border with China and flows into Lake Balkhash. The Lepsy is the easternmost of the two small rivers that flow into the eastern Balkhash on the south bank, the other being the Aksu River. The Lepsy is one of the main rivers of the historic region of Zhetysu.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river flows north from the border with China before turning north-westward north of Sarkand and then west before turning north northward when it reaches the Saryesik-Atyrau Desert, a large sand desert south of Lake Balkhash. The river empties into Lake Balkhash just east of the Aksu River on its southern side. Lepsy freezes up in December and stays icebound until March. Because of the amount of water taken for irrigation, the river&#39;s flow into Lake Balkash is limited.</p><br>
<p>The J.T. Murphy No. 1 Crater is the site of a historic oil-drilling accident near Norphlet, Union County, Arkansas. The site is located about 3 mi north and west of Norphlet, off Firetower Road about 3/4 mile  north of its junction with Baugh Street. On May 14, 1922, an oil drilling crew completed a 2,000 ft well, dubbed J.T. Murphy No. 1, and began pumping. The early production was entirely natural gas, which began escaping from the drill collar. Eventually it caught fire, burning for several hours, and destroying the derrick. It also caused a series of violent underground explosions. This resulted in the creation of a crater 450 ft in diameter and 50 ft deep, along with a number of other, shallower, craters. The land, which had previously been in cotton production, was abandoned, and has gradually returned to forest.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Smith-McCurry House is a historic house on Arkansas Highway 15, 3.5 mi east of El Dorado, Arkansas. The oldest portion of the house is a single-story dog trot house that was built in 1867 by Lawson Smith for his son David Carroll Smith. The house was inherited in 1919 by Mamie Smith McCurry, notable as a prominent investor in early oil exploration in Union County. The third well in the county, a successful gusher, was drilled on her land. She the invested further in oil exploration, forming a partnership with Bruce Hunt, a geologist, and the drillers Hensy and Zoda, and eventually participating in exploratory drilling operations in seven states. She used proceeds from her oil successes to expand the homestead and add then-popular Craftsman details to it.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Mountain House is a historic resort hotel at 179 Carter Notch Road in Jackson, New Hampshire. Built in 1916 and enlarged in 1929, it is one of the few surviving grand mountain resort hotels in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Mountain House stands close to the west side of Carter Notch Road (New Hampshire Route 16B), north of Jackson Village. It is set on the west side of a valley, with Eagle Mountain behind it and Black Mountain across the valley to the east. It is a large 3-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a basically U-shaped plan, with the base of the U parallel to the road and its legs extending to the west. It is covered by a gabled roof studded with both pedimented gable dormers and shed-roof dormers. Some of the upper-level windows have original diamond-pane sashes. A single-story porch, 220 ft long, extends across the front, becoming two stories at the left end where the ground slopes away. The interior public spaces retain original finishes and features, including a working 1926 elevator.</p><br>
<p>The town of Jackson had by the 1840s developed a reputation as an artists colony, for the rugged scenery of the area. Tourism in the area expanded significantly with the arrival in the 1850s of the railroad at nearby Glen. By the 1880s Jackson had five large hotels, one of which was Eagle Mountain House. It was established in 1849 by Cyrus and Marcia Pinkham Gale, on land first settled by her ancestor, Captain Joseph Pinkham. Originally little more than a farmhouse, it was expanded to house as many as 125 guests before it was destroyed by fire in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the present building was built in 1916 by the Gales&#39; son Arthur Pinkham Gale. It is one of five remaining large-scale resort hotels built in the late 19th and early 20th century in New Hampshire, and the only one of five such hotels that was built in Jackson. It was doubled in size by an addition in 1929, and was fitted with the latest in modern amenities, including steam heat and an elevator. The hotel remained in the Gale family until 1973.</p><br>
<p>The William K. Eastman House, also known as the Eastman-Lord House, is a historic house museum at 100 Main Street in Conway, New Hampshire. Built in 1818, it was the home of William K. Eastman, a prominent local businessman, politician, and civic leader until his death in 1879. Now home to the Conway Historical Society, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The William K. Eastman House stands in near the center of Conway Village, on the north side of Main Street (New Hampshire Route 16), a short way west of its crossing of the outlet of Pequawket Pond. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof and clapboarded exterior. It has a symmetrical five-bay front facade, with a center entrance framed by sidelight windows, pilasters, and an entablature. It is sheltered by a Victorian hip-roof porch three bays wide, with turned posts and decorative jigsawn brackets.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1818 by William K. Eastman, who made it his home until his death in 1879. Eastman was a major economic force in Conway, operating a tannery, general store, and mill. His mill and tannery operations were located just to the east, using Pequawket Pond as a power source; none of these industrial properties have survived. He was also prominent in local politics, serving as sheriff, town selectman, and in the state legislature. He was wealthy enough to afford a four-wheel chaise coach, one of fifteen men to do so in the town&#39;s 1840 census. He sold the house in 1879 and moved to Minnesota, where he died. The house was donated by Raymond Lord to the Conway Historical Society in 1962. It is headquartered there and operates it as a house museum.</p><br>
<p>Jírova hill  is a hill situated between the villages of Zbečník, Rokytník and Velký Dřevíč, approximately 1 km northwest from the centre of the town Hronov, Czech Republic. The eastern slope of the hill is very steep. The whole hill is covered mainly by coniferous forest  and meadows. A deciduous forest grows on the southern slope, falling to Zbečník. A part of the forest on the top of the hill and the north slope is formed by young coniferous trees. A very small stream flows from the northern slope, from Rokytník to Velký Dřevíč. On the top of the hill there is a radio communications transmitter. In the western direction from the top of hill, construction of an artillery fort of the Czechoslovak border fortification system was planned prior to World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Photos</h2><br>
<h2>Links</h2><br>
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<p>Cima Valdritta is the highest summit of the Monte Baldo mountain range and thereby part of the Garda Mountains in northern Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Morphology</h2><br>
<p>The Cima Valdritta summit is the highest peak of the Monte Baldo range, that roughly extends from north to south. Other prominent peaks in the range are Punta Telegrafo to the south and Cima delle Pozzette to the north. On the western slopes is the impressive Valdritta cirque. The summit is rocky and just above the tree line.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The summit can be reached from the south via Punta Telegrafo, from the north as a long hike over the Monte Baldo mountain ridge, from the west through the Valdritta cirque or fastest from the east, a steep track starting at the country road SP3.</p><br>
<p>Valdrittakar.jpgView into Valdritta cirque down to Lake Garda</p><br>
<p>Scladina, or Sclayn Cave, is an archaeological site in the Andenne hills in Belgium, where excavations since 1978 have provided the material for an exhaustive collection of over thirteen thousand Mousterian stone artifacts and the fossilized remains of an especially ancient Neanderthal, called the Scladina child were discovered in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Scladina cave site</h2><br>
<p>The Scladina cave is located on a hill to the right of the Meuse river bank, south-west of Sclayn village, being one of a number of caves in the middle Meuse river region, where significant paleontological discoveries were made as in the Spy Cave and the Lyell Cave. The caves in the area have been undergone systematic exploration since 1949.</p><br>
<p>Scladina Cave was discovered in 1971 by cavers of the CAS (Archaeological Circle Sclaynois). In 1978 the Scientific Council of the Prehistory Department of the University of Liège began to direct the excavations. Since the site has yielded numerous artifacts of Mousterian Neanderthal origin, amidst assemblages of stone tools, bones and faunal remains. After the initially clearing of the entrance the excavations uncovered two strata of Neanderthal occupation, the oldest dating back 130,000 years. The sediments yielded artifacts and Mousterian stone tools, the earliest were attributed to the Middle Palaeolithic. The lithic industry of layer 5 is considered to be instrumental for a deeper understanding of the Mousterian settlements in the region and future studies might support the acquisition of a more accurate chronology and help to draw a more complete image of the contemporary environment of the site.</p><br>
<p>The remarkably good state of preservation of the fossils, faunal remains and the sediments have the site allowed to become a point of reference in climatic evolution studies of Palaeolithic north-western Europe. Two Neanderthal occupation sites were identified, one dated to be 130,000 years old and the other 40,000 years. Modern humans infrequently occupied the site between 32,000 and 9,000 years ago and used the site as a burial place during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age between 5,300 and 2,000 years ago. Continued excavations since 1978 have produced a steady stream of findings that culminated in the discovery of the remarkable Sclayn child fossils in 1993. Sclayn cave site has been classified as a national heritage site of Wallonia on 27 May 2009 and is since open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Scladina Neanderthal child</h2><br>
<p>Dated to be around 127,000 years old, the first fragment of the now nearly complete mandible, was found on 16 July 1993. A maxillary fragment and several teeth of the child were excavated in subsequent campaigns. A genetic sample was successfully extracted from one of the molars at a specific laboratory for ancient DNA and analyzed at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig.</p><br>
<h2>Physiology and development</h2><br>
<p>The child&#39;s DNA is one of the oldest to have been extracted from a Homo neanderthalensis fossil and has significantly contributed to the genetic mapping of the Neanderthal genome and the comparison with Homo sapiens. Initially it was suggested that the Scladina child was 2 to 4 years older than current estimates, based upon traditional assessments of the progressive dental development. Results of an international research collaboration allow the proposal that Homo neanderthalensis children had a faster rate of dental development than modern human children as well as other aspects of physical development were likely to be more rapid in juvenile Neanderthals, such as a quicker onset of sexual maturity and different and faster patterns of early cognitive development.</p><br>
<p>The study further elaborates, that tooth development is related to overall physiological development, noticeable as the first molar eruption coincides - universally across the primate phylum - with the beginning of the weaning stage, whereas the upsurge of the third molar indicates the onset of sexual development. Some scholars, though debate universal periods of anterior tooth growth, as it is known that anterior tooth growth takes longer in great apes than in humans and varies among human populations. The study of the child turned out to support the idea that extremely prolonged duration of human development is unique to Homo sapiens and a relatively recent development in human evolution. Although the matter is still debated, the more rapid development apparent in Homo neanderthalensis children (wherein sexual onset may have occurred up to 4 years sooner) puts Neanderthal development patterns at a progressive stage in between modern Homo sapiens and that of earlier species, such as Homo erectus. This trend suggests to many scientists the necessary prevalence of differing patterns of behavioral and social development as well.</p><br>
<p>A single tooth of another Neanderthal infant, also found at the site that had undergone comprehensive and rigorous analysis suggests that this particular child has received 7 months of breastfeeding and supplementation for additional 7 months, which adds up to roughly 14 months of breastfeeding. This cycle is indeed longer than that of some contemporary human cultures, which implies that Neanderthal children might have grown up faster, a process that began only after the stages of early infancy.</p><br>
<h2>Behavior and tool use</h2><br>
<p>Neanderthal diet consisted to over 70% of meat, unlike that of contemporary Homo sapiens hunter-gatherer societies., although some cooked vegetables are evident. Provisioning techniques, made superior by extensive tool use, aided early Homo in pursuits of worldwide expansion. One large game evident in the diets of Scladina Neanderthals is bear. Several bear bones were found amongst other stone tools and modifiers within the Scladina cave site. Wear marks on the bones, 4 of the 6 bear bone tools which originated from a single femur, exhibit abrasion traits that classify them as lithic retouchers.</p><br>
<h2>Public education</h2><br>
<p>The ASBL Archéologie Andennaise has established an educational mission in consequence of the prolonged, intense and insightful study of the site and the enormous implications of the acquired information and data. The idea is to correctly inform about prehistory, deemed to be still perceived as nebulous and mythical by the general public. The site and its documentation center are open to the public all year round. Private groups, school classes are permanently granted access to the cave, the laboratory, the museum gallery with multimedia program rooms, accompanied by the researchers and scientists themselves.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sir Francis Drake, 2,705 m, is a mountain in the Pacific Ranges of British Columbia, Canada, standing above the south side of Waddington Harbour and the head of Bute Inlet on the Central Coast of British Columbia just south of the mouth of the Homathko River as it empties into that harbour and inlet.</p><br>
<h2>Name origin</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was named in 1935, after the name was first proposed in 1928, in honour of Sir Francis Drake, the English explorer and privateer who was the first to sail an English ship in the Pacific Ocean and laid claim to Nova Albion, being lands to the north of Spanish California, in 1579, in the name of Elizabeth I. Current theories mostly place Point Reyes, California as being the location of that landing, but theories that he also landed farther northwards remain in circulation. In British Columbia Place Names by Helen B. and G.P.V. Akrigg, they posit Cape Blanco, Oregon as a possible site, while more recent publications by Samuel Bawlf advance the theory that further landings north of Cape Reyes happened in British Columbia and as far north as the Stikine River and the Southeast Alaska coast.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is one of a series of Elizabethan-related names in the Pacific Ranges conferred in the 1930s by R.P. Bishop, British Columbia Land Surveyor, others including Mount Queen Bess, Mount Sussex, and Mount Raleigh, as well as the Golden Hinde on Vancouver Island. Bishops paper Drakes Course in the North Pacific was published in the British Columbia Historical Quarterly in 1939.</p><br>
<p>Fossil Cave , formerly known as The Green Waterhole, is a cave in the Limestone Coast region of south-eastern South Australia. It is located in the gazetted locality of Tantanoola about 22 km north-west of the city of Mount Gambier, only a few metres from the Princes Highway  between Mount Gambier and Millicent. It is notable both as a paleontological site and as a cave diving site.</p><br>
<h2>Description and naming</h2><br>
<p>The cave is formed in 30-million-year-old Oligocene coralline limestone. The cave is a karst sinkhole and is largely filled with water. The surface depression is about 20 m long and 10 m wide. Beneath the surface it extends to a maximum length of 70 m and a width of 30 m.</p><br>
<p>The name of the cave was changed on 23 April 1989 by the Government of South Australia from The Green Waterhole to Fossil Cave with the change being published in the South Australian Government Gazette on 4 May 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Fossils</h2><br>
<p>Since the mid 1960s, a variety of Pleistocene subfossil material of birds and mammals has been found and recovered by divers from the surface of a rockpile to a depth of about 15 m below the water surface. The probable accumulation mode was by animals drowning when they fell into the cave while attempting to use it as a source of drinking water. Dating of the subfossil remains indicated that their deposition occurred mainly between 15,000 and 40,000 years ago. As well as representing many living animals, examples of extinct species recovered from the cave include the birds Centropus colossus and Orthonyx hypsilophus, and the mammals Thylacinus cynocephalus, Thylacoleo carnifex, Propleopus oscillans, Macropus titan, Protemnodon anak, and the sthenurine kangaroos Procoptodon gilli, Procoptodon maddocki and Simosthenurus occidentalis.</p><br>
<h2>Exploration</h2><br>
<p>Fossils were first collected from the cave in 1964 followed by a further collection in 1968, a number of expeditions which were organised by the South Australian Museum from years 1968 to 1974 and an excavation carried out by the South Australian Underwater Speleological Society (SAUSS) in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The cave’s submerged extent has been surveyed at least three times including by the Flinders University Underwater Club (FUUC) in 1978, Allum and Garrad in 1979 and the SAUSS in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational diving</h2><br>
<p>Fossil Cave is a notable cave diving site. Access for cave diving is limited to holders of the Cave Divers Association of Australia&#39;s Cave grade.</p><br>
<p>The Bedford Town Hall is located at 70 Bedford Center Road in Bedford, New Hampshire. The 2-1/2 story wood frame building was built in 1910 to a design by Chase R. Whitcher, a native of Lisbon who studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Whitcher was then early in what would be a successful career; the Bedford Town Hall is unusual among his works. It seems be Greek Revival in form, with a classical four-column temple front, but the proportions of the columns is out of scale with 19th century examples, and there are other details  that borrow from other 19th-century styles. The building is the third town hall to stand on this site.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Clam Bayou is a 170-acre estuary between Gulfport, Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, and Boca Ciega Bay. The neighborhood around the estuary is also known as Clam Bayou. The area is popular with kayakers. It is also home to the 10-acre Clam Bayou Nature Park that includes a canoe and kayak launch point.</p><br>
<p>Trash, sediments, and pollution have become a problem as the surrounding areas were developed. Approximately 127 acres of Clam Bayou are publicly owned and a restoration project in 2010-2011 sought to improve water quality outflows to Boca Ciega Bay.</p><br>
<p>Clam Bayou Nature preserve is located at 34th Ave. S. & 40th St. S. in St. Petersburg, or south of 29th Avenue South on Miriam Street in Gulfport.</p><br>
<p>Nearby, the city of Gulfport operates a full-service marina.</p><br>
<p>Boca Ciega Bay is a body of water bordering Gulfport, Florida, St. Petersburg, and other municipalities in Pinellas County. Clam Bayou estuary feeds into the bay.</p><br>
<p>Boca Ciega Bay is an aquatic preserve designated in 1968 to halt dredging-and-filling work done in the 1950s. There are mangrove islands as well as miles of canals bounded by seawalls.</p><br>
<p>Along with the Pinellas County Aquatic Preserve, Boca Ciega Bay provides sandy beaches, mangrove shoreline and submerged habitats such as oyster bars, seagrass beds, coral habitat, and spring-fed caves.</p><br>
<p>The 185-acre Boca Ciega Millennium Park in Seminole, Florida, is a protected natural area and preserve. The park features a 35-foot wooden observation tower with a panoramic view of Boca Ciega Bay. The park is a stop on the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission&#39;s "Great Florida Birding Trail."</p><br>
